EVALUATION OF THE CARBON CONTENT AND SOME PHYSICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT SOILS FOR AGRICULTURAL USE IN BABYLON PROVINCE

The study was conducted to evaluate the organic carbon and some physical parameters of soil quality under three types of agricultural exploitation in the Alexandria and Al-Nile sub-districts of the Al-Mussaib and Al-Mahaweel districts, respectively, in the Babylon governorate. Three locations were chosen in each district that differs in terms of agricultural exploitation for a period of more than six years, and these locations locations represent exploited soil orchards, soil exploited for the cultivation of field crops, in addition to unexploited soil. The studied soils were classified according to the American classification 2010, all the agriculturally exploited and non-exploited soils to the rank of Entisols if they were classified under the typic torriflurents group .Disassembled and disassembled samples were taken to estimate soil organic carbon and some soil quality parameters (bulk density, population stability, and ready water) for three soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm) and with three replicates for each exploitation location. The averages of the criteria were compared for each depth at the end of the three uses at the level of one site, depending on the value of the statistical criterion, the least significant difference at the level of probability (0.05) >p. The results of organic soil carbon indicated that at the first depth and for all locations in both Alexandria and the Al-Nile, there were no significant differences, but the highest value of 2.930 g / kg and 2,210 g / kg was observed in the unexploited soils in both the Alexandria and Al-Nile sides, respectively, in the depth 0-10 cm. As for the depth of 10-20 cm, it was observed in the Alexandria district, there were no significant differences, while significant differences were observed in the Al-Nile district, and the highest value of 2.507 g/kg was observed in the cultivated orchard soil that excelled on the two agriculturally unexploited soils. As for the depth of 20-40 cm, significant differences appeared in the locations for both sides, and the differences were close .The highest value of 2.233 g / kg appeared in the unexploited soil and the lowest value in the exploited soil was an orchard 1.917 g / kg in the Alexandria district and in the Al-Nile district it appeared in the exploited soil (orchard) 1.717 g / kg and the lowest value was 1.020 g / kg in the unexploited soil. Through this result, the organic matter content as a percentage is -1 low and is due to environmental conditions from erosion or other processes. As for the trait of the bulk density, it was noticed that the bulk density was lower in orchard soil and for all locations and for all depths and for the two sides of Alexandria and the Al-Nile until its value in Alexandria was much lower than it is in the Al-Nile soil, which shows through this result there is a significant effect between the three uses of the study depths in the two sides of Alexandria and the Al-Nile . The lowest value of 1.313 mcg/m3 was observed within 0-10 and 10-20 cm, while the highest value was observed at 1.410 mcg/m3. This result shows that the soil at a depth of 10-20 cm (20-40 cm) has excelled on the critical value of 1.40 for the growth of most crops. The values of the bulk density showed a decrease in the locations that were characterized by a high organic carbon. The results of the analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the average values of the ready water under the influence of the type of the planted crop for all depths and for both locations. The results showed that there were significant differences between the average values of the stability clusters under the influence of the type of plant grown for all depths and for both locations. The highest value was observed within 10-20 cm depth 51.27% and 45.23% in the exploited soil in an orchard in both the Alexandria and the Al-Nile sub-districts, respectively, and the lowest value in the unexploited soil within 20-40 cm depth was 25,620% in the Alexandria district and 19.61% in the Al-Nile district. Through this result, the parameters of bulk density and soil aggregates were affected by the organic carbon content.